Models of manufacturing and the construction process: the genesis of re-engineering construction
Titel:
Models of manufacturing and the construction process: the genesis of re-engineering construction
Auteur:
Winch, Graham
Verschenen in:
Building research & information
Paginering:
Jaargang 31 (2003) nr. 2 pagina's 107-118
Jaar:
2003-03
Inhoud:
For at least the last 80 years, construction firms have been exhorted to improve their processes by modelling themselves on 'manufacturing', and the current concern for re-engineering construction is the latest manifestation of this tradition. Yet, it is rarely clearly specified which model of manufacturing should be adopted. The aim of this paper is to clarify the issues by placing the wide range of initiatives encompassed within the CIB's definition of re-engineering construction in an historical and comparative context. It reviews the history of the development of the dominant model of manufacturing - largely based on the auto industry - culminating in lean production. It then identifies an equally well-established 'alternative' model of manufacturing associated with the production of complex systems. It is suggested that attempts to re-engineer the construction process have tended to focus on the dominant model - borrowing concepts from mass production during the 1950s and 1960s, and lean production during the 1990s. The mass production model was never very relevant for construction and it is suggested that the lean production model is unlikely to be of broad relevance to the construction industry beyond housing. More appropriate are models of manufacturing derived from the complex systems industries, particularly concepts associated with project management, and the role of systems integrators. Depuis au moins 80 ans, on incite les entreprises de construction a ameliorer leur fonctionnement en prenant comme modele les industries manufacturieres; aujourd'hui, la question de la restructuration du secteur de la construction est la manifestation la plus recente de cette tradition. Il est cependant rare que l'on precise quel modele de production devrait etre adopte. Cet article vise precisement a eclaircir ces questions en replacant dans leur contexte historique et comparatif les nombreuses initiatives inscrites dans la definition de la restructuration du secteur de la construction adoptee par la Confederation des industries de la construction. Il analyse l'histoire du developpement du modele de production dominant - largement base sur la construction automobile - jusqu'au concept de «production au plus juste α. Il definit ensuite un autre modele de production, egalement bien etabli, et qui est associe a la fabrication de systemes complexes. Il semblerait que les tentatives de restructuration des processus de construction ont eu tendance a se focaliser sur le modele dominant, empruntant des concepts a la fabrication en series dans les annees 1950 et 1960 puis a la production au plus juste dans les annees 1990. Le modele de la fabrication en serie n'a jamais ete, meme de loin, applicable au secteur de la construction et il est peu probable que le modele de la production au plus juste interesse l'industrie du batiment si ce n'est pour le logement. Les modeles de production associes a la fabrication de systemes complexes sont plus appropries, notamment les concepts lies a la gestion de projets et au role des integrateurs de systemes.
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