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| Titel: |
Nitric Oxide and Nitroxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease |
| Auteur: |
Malinski, Tadeusz |
| Verschenen in: |
Journal of Alzheimer's disease |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 11 (2007) nr. 2 pagina's 207-218 |
| Jaar: |
2007-05-21 |
| Inhoud: |
Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule produced by neurons and endothelial cells in the brain. NO is synthesized from L-arginine and oxygen by nitric oxide synthase: neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS). The endothelial NO acts as a vasorelaxant in the vasculature and as a neurotransmitter when produced by neurons (under the pathological conditions of Alzheimer's disease). NO can be scavenged in a rapid reaction with superoxide (O_2^-) to generate peroxynitrite (ONOO^-), with a half-life of < 1 s. ONOO^- is a potent oxidant and the primary component of nitroxidative stress. At high concentrations (> 100 nM), ONOO^- can undergo homolytic or heterolytic cleavage to produce NO_2^+, NO_2, and OH·, highly reactive oxidative species and secondary components of nitroxidative stress. The high nitroxidative stress can initiate a cascade of redox reactions which can trigger apoptosis and evoke cytotoxic effects on neurons and endothelial cells. This article reviews the functions of NO and the potential role of NO/O_2^-/ONOO^- induced nitroxidative stress in neuronal and endothelial degeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease. |
| Uitgever: |
IOS Press |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
Details van artikel 6 van 12 gevonden artikelen
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