: Nocturnal enuresis is not at all unusual in pediatric population. This article aims at presenting a review of the current information on nocturnal enuresis, including definition, causes and the available therapeutic modes, keeping the main focus on primary nocturnal enuresis. The possible mechanisms for primary nocturnal enuresis include-Genetic Factors, Maturational Delay, Sleep Disorders, Psychological Causes, and Small Bladder capacity. Treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis can be divided into two major categories: pharmacological and Non-pharmacological. There is no consensus about continuous medication. Children who have frequent episodes of enuresis should use a combination of a drug and an enuresis alarm. Relapse rate is very high with drug. After evaluating the cost, efficacy, side effects and the relapse rates associated with various treatments, Behavior Therapy, Parent awakening &the enuresis alarms seem to be most efficacious. Psychosocial and family histories are important to assess the attitude of parents and the child, in order to select a proper therapy. Organic cause of nocturnal enuresis may be elicitible in only 2-3% of the patients. Proper examination &investigation is needed to evaluate organic cause. Management of secondary nocturnal enuresis depends on cause.
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