Re-Envisioning Global Development: Conceptual and Methodological Issues
Titel:
Re-Envisioning Global Development: Conceptual and Methodological Issues
Auteur:
Halperin, Sandra
Verschenen in:
Globalizations
Paginering:
Jaargang 4 (2007) nr. 4 pagina's 543-558
Jaar:
2007-12
Inhoud:
Most approaches to understanding contemporary development assume that industrial capitalism was achieved through a process of nationally organised economic growth, and that in recent years its organisation has become increasingly trans-local or global. However, this paper argues that capitalist development has, everywhere and from the start, involved not whole nations or societies but only sectors or geographical areas within states and territories. In fact, 'dualism' and other features associated with contemporary Third World 'dependent' development have been, until very recently, as characteristic of development in the countries of the so-called 'core' as it has of those of the 'periphery'. These features should be understood as products of historically 'normal' capitalist development, a strategic dimension and outcome of the trans-local exchange by which elites have always sought to maintain themselves as an elite and contain the rise of new classes locally. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to shift analytically the axis of view from the 'vertical' (states, regions) to the 'horizontal' (classes, networks) and, in this way, bring into view the synchronic and interdependent development of dynamic focal points of growth throughout the world shaped, both within and outside Europe, by trans-local interaction and connection, as well as by local struggles and relations. La mayoria de los enfoques para entender el desarrollo contemporaneo asumen que el capitalismo industrial se logro a traves de un proceso nacional de crecimiento economico organizado y que en los anos recientes su organizacion se ha vuelto cada vez mas translocal o global. Sin embargo, este capitulo plantea que el desarrollo capitalista tiene en todos lados y desde el inicio incorporados—no a naciones completas o sociedades—pero solamente a los sectores o las areas geograficas dentro de los estados y territorios. Mas aun, hasta hace poco, el desarrollo en los paises llamados 'nucleo' o 'periferia' ha sido mas simil que disimil. El dualismo y otras caracteristicas asociadas con el desarrollo 'dependiente' del tercer mundo contemporaneo, deberia entenderse como productos del desarrollo capitalista historicamente 'normal', una dimension estrategica y el resultado del intercambio translocal a traves del cual las elites siempre han buscado mantenerse como una elite y han hecho frente al auge local de nuevas clases. El objetivo de este capitulo, por lo tanto, es de cambiar analiticamente el eje de vista 'vertical' (estados, regiones) al 'horizontal' (clases, redes) y de esta manera traer a la vista el desarrollo sincronico e interdependiente de puntos focales de crecimiento dinamicos por todo el mundo conformado, tanto dentro como fuera de Europa, por medio de interaccion y conexion translocal, como por luchas locales y relaciones.
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