nr |
titel |
auteur |
tijdschrift |
jaar |
jaarg. |
afl. |
pagina('s) |
type |
1 |
Acidity of Degraded Soils of Agricultural Lands in the Donetsk People’s Republic
|
Agurova, I. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 301-306 |
artikel |
2 |
Actinomycetes of rare genera in plain chestnut soils of Mongolia
|
Norovsuren, Zh. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 163-165 |
artikel |
3 |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens as associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria
|
My, Phung Thi |
|
2015 |
|
3 |
p. 133-138 |
artikel |
4 |
Application of ATR spectroscopy for astrobiological investigations aboard planetary landers
|
Grigoriev, A. V. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 136-141 |
artikel |
5 |
Application of dodecyltrimethylammonium-modified bentonite for water purification from oil and water-soluble oil components
|
Chechetko, E. S. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 119-124 |
artikel |
6 |
Application of the Succession Approach in Studying the Prokaryotic Community in Soils of East Antarctica
|
Kudinova, A. G. |
|
2018 |
|
3 |
p. 113-118 |
artikel |
7 |
Approaches to the environmental and economic assessment of agricultural lands
|
Tsvetnov, E. V. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 107-113 |
artikel |
8 |
A Simulation Model of Hourly Dynamics of Organic-Matter Carbon in Ecograss Herbaceous Communities
|
Mamikhin, S. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 161-168 |
artikel |
9 |
Assessing the role of the relief in the spatial variability of agriculturally important soil properties for intensively cultivated agricultural land
|
Samsonova, V. P. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 124-132 |
artikel |
10 |
Assessment of Land-Degradation Neutrality in Samara Oblast by Global and Regional Indicators
|
Belyaeva, M. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 199-211 |
artikel |
11 |
Assessment of soil degradation in the eastern part of the Nile Delta
|
Mohamed, E. S. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 86-92 |
artikel |
12 |
Assessment of the functional state of soils in Moscow Zoo on the basis of microbiological parameters
|
Yurkova, N. E. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 136-141 |
artikel |
13 |
Assessment of the state of vegetation and soils on the basis of remote sensing data
|
Mishchenko, N. V. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 109-114 |
artikel |
14 |
Automation of soil biotesting based on image processing
|
Cheremnykh, E. G. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 159-162 |
artikel |
15 |
Bacterial Number in Petroleum-Contaminated Haplic Chernozem after Amelioration
|
Minnikova, T. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 247-256 |
artikel |
16 |
Balance Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in the Soil of MSU Large Lysimeters
|
Smagin, A. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 127-133 |
artikel |
17 |
Bioassay of soils on rice fields in Vietnam
|
Mai, T. L. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 116-123 |
artikel |
18 |
Biogeochemical barriers for soil and groundwater bioremediation
|
Vodyanitskii, Yu. N. |
|
2016 |
|
3 |
p. 89-100 |
artikel |
19 |
Biogeochemistry of Agrolandscapes of Eastern Moscow Suburbs after Using Sewage Sludge as Fertilizers
|
Plekhanova, I. O. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 117-122 |
artikel |
20 |
Biogeochemistry of carbon, iron, and heavy metals in wetlands (Analytical review)
|
Vodyanitskii, Yu. N. |
|
2015 |
|
3 |
p. 89-97 |
artikel |
21 |
Bottom Sediments of Surface Watercourses of the Malmyzhsky Mountain Range
|
Kharitonova, G. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 307-317 |
artikel |
22 |
Change of hydrophysical properties of clayed minerals due to the influence of soluble salts
|
Manucharov, A. S. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 93-99 |
artikel |
23 |
Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of podzolic and bog-podzolic soils developed from two-layered deposits in the Central Forest State Biospheric Reserve
|
Alekseeva, S. A. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 140-148 |
artikel |
24 |
Chemical forms of radioactive strontium interaction with organic matter of different soil types
|
Fedorkova, M. V. |
|
2012 |
|
3 |
p. 133-136 |
artikel |
25 |
Comparative assessment of the state of urban soils based on their biological activity
|
Trifonova, T. A. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 112-115 |
artikel |
26 |
Comparative use of factor-ecological and profile-genetic classifications for studying alluvial soils
|
Balabko, P. N. |
|
2010 |
|
3 |
p. 119-124 |
artikel |
27 |
Composition of the soil-absorbing complex of meadow solonetzes under forest-ameliorative measures
|
Cheverdin, Yu. I. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 100-103 |
artikel |
28 |
Content of Mobile Forms of Heavy Metals in Typical Chernozem of the Republic of Bashkortostan Contaminated by Crude Oil and Sodium Chloride in Conditions of a Field Experiment
|
Timofeeva, E. A. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 272-280 |
artikel |
29 |
Determination of the Age of Fallow Land Based on the Development Patterns of Postagrogenic Succession
|
Dabakhov, M. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 212-218 |
artikel |
30 |
Digital large-scale soil parent material map of Chashnikovo Training and Experimental Soil Ecology Center, Moscow State University
|
Kirillova, N. P. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 93-99 |
artikel |
31 |
Distribution of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in Dark Gray Forest Soils with Different Carbonate Horizon Depth
|
Lipatov, D. N. |
|
2019 |
|
3 |
p. 123-130 |
artikel |
32 |
Drained Soils as an Analogue of a Large-Area Lysimeter
|
Kovalev, I. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 140-149 |
artikel |
33 |
Ecological-economic assessment of natural and agricultural lands of the Tula region under radioactive contamination
|
Tsvetnov, E. V. |
|
2012 |
|
3 |
p. 137-142 |
artikel |
34 |
Ecological limits of gray forest soil erosion in central regions of the European part of Russia
|
Kuznetsov, M. S. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 104-111 |
artikel |
35 |
Ecological state of soil along the main highways of Baku
|
Nadjafova, S. I. |
|
2015 |
|
3 |
p. 130-132 |
artikel |
36 |
Ecotoxicity of Urban Dust: Existing Practices and Prospects for Bioassay Application (Review)
|
Nikolaeva, O. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 113-127 |
artikel |
37 |
Effect of atmospheric precipitation on microelement composition of soils in model ecosystems of soil lysimeters
|
Plekhanova, I. O. |
|
2016 |
|
3 |
p. 129-134 |
artikel |
38 |
Effect of deep freezing on the morphogenetic properties of meadow podbels in the middle reaches of the Amur River
|
Gyninova, A. B. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 104-108 |
artikel |
39 |
Effect of Moisture Deficiency and Increased Salt Content on Silicon State of Some Soils of European Part of Russia and Central China
|
Yuqiao, Liu |
|
2018 |
|
3 |
p. 107-112 |
artikel |
40 |
Effect of mycorhiza-forming fungus Glomus intraradices on phytoextraction of nickel and copper and status of microbe cenoses under conditions of a model experiment
|
Borisov, B. A. |
|
2016 |
|
3 |
p. 109-112 |
artikel |
41 |
Effect of Rhizospheric Bacteria on the Productivity of Wheat Plants and Inflow of Elements from Contaminated Soils
|
Plekhanova, I. O. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 257-262 |
artikel |
42 |
Effect of the main soil components on the sorption of copper, zinc, and lead by urban soils
|
Ladonin, D. V. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 130-135 |
artikel |
43 |
Effects of the long-term addition of sucrose and of the presence of ectomycorrhizal roots on the functioning of microbal communities in soddy-podzolic soil
|
Dobrovol’skaya, T. G. |
|
2010 |
|
3 |
p. 128-132 |
artikel |
44 |
Erratum to: A Comparative Characterization of the Soils and Plant Cover of Tombolos on the Coasts of the White and Baltic Seas
|
Bagdasarov, I. E. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 318 |
artikel |
45 |
Estimated Carbon Sequestration by Rice Roots as Affected by Silicon Fertilizers
|
Dan-Dan, Zhao |
|
2019 |
|
3 |
p. 105-110 |
artikel |
46 |
Estimating the Ecosystem Services’ Value of the Bitzevsky Forest Natural Park
|
Semenyuk, O. V. |
|
2019 |
|
3 |
p. 111-117 |
artikel |
47 |
Experience in Assessing Environmental Risks of Main Oil Pipelines in Azerbaijan through the Prism of Soil Biogeoresistance to Crude Oil Pollution
|
Ismailov, N. M. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 196-202 |
artikel |
48 |
Features of Biogeochemical Processes of Soils in Urban Conditions Based on the Study of Ecosystems of Large Lysimeters of the Soil Stationary of MSU
|
Bogatyrev, L. G. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 111-119 |
artikel |
49 |
Fractionation of dissolved organic matter on the XAD resin
|
Shapiro, A. D. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 139-145 |
artikel |
50 |
Geochemical Assessment of Soils in Recreational Areas of Moscow
|
Shvetsova, M. S. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 188-195 |
artikel |
51 |
Heterogeneity of Podzolic Soils: Genesis, Methodological and Methogical Aspects of Study (Review)
|
Basevich, V. F. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 128-136 |
artikel |
52 |
Humic substances in agro-stratozems of Leningrad oblast
|
Dercham, H. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 121-124 |
artikel |
53 |
Hysteresis of the Water Retention Curve: Wetting Branch Simulation Based on the Drying Curve
|
Shein, E. V. |
|
2018 |
|
3 |
p. 124-128 |
artikel |
54 |
Indicators of the Biological Cycle of 90Sr in Birch Forests of Bryansk Oblast 30 Years after the Chernobyl Fallout
|
Tsvetnova, O. B. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 263-271 |
artikel |
55 |
Influence of Plant Cover on Hydrothermal Conditions in Soils of Large Lysimeters of the MSU Soil Station: Results of a 60-year Experiment
|
Matyshak, G. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 134-139 |
artikel |
56 |
Influence of Vegetation on the Lability Characteristics of Sandur Areas of the Bryansky Les Nature Reserve
|
Kazakova, A. I. |
|
2018 |
|
3 |
p. 100-106 |
artikel |
57 |
Kinetic Estimation of the Biodegradability of Gel-Forming Soil Conditioners on the Basis of BOD Analysis
|
Smagin, A. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 219-232 |
artikel |
58 |
Kriging application for mapping the properties with an expressed asymmetry of spatial patterns (by the example of morphometric characteristics of oat plants within a field)
|
Samsonova, V. P. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 114-117 |
artikel |
59 |
Laboratory Determination of the Solid Phase Composition of Technogenically Salinized Peatlands: Possibilities and Limitations
|
Vodyanitskii, Yu. N. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 131-137 |
artikel |
60 |
Landau–Deryagin law and hydration energy of soils of different genesis
|
Sudnitsyn, I. I. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 106-112 |
artikel |
61 |
Long-Term Research on Physical Properties of Soils in the MSU Large Lysimeters: Main Results for the First 60 Years (1961–2021)
|
Umarova, A. B. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 95-110 |
artikel |
62 |
Macrokinetic model of microbial growth on a multicomponent substrate
|
Gendugov, V. M. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 99-105 |
artikel |
63 |
Macrokinetics of microbial populations in soil
|
Gendugov, V. M. |
|
2010 |
|
3 |
p. 133-137 |
artikel |
64 |
Mathematical models of soil moisture transfer: Importance of experimental assurance and upper boundary conditions
|
Panina, S. S. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 133-138 |
artikel |
65 |
Mesophilic and thermotolerant actinomycetes in strongly heated soils
|
Kurapova, A. I. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 142-147 |
artikel |
66 |
Migration of nickel and copper in forest litters under the effect of simulated rainfall
|
Ermakov, I. V. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 133-139 |
artikel |
67 |
Migration of Water-Soluble Oil Components in Some Soils of Bashkortostan
|
Karavanova, E. I. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 150-157 |
artikel |
68 |
Mobile Si-rich compounds in the soil–plant system and methods for their determination
|
Matychenkov, I. V. |
|
2016 |
|
3 |
p. 120-128 |
artikel |
69 |
Modeling of Dynamics of Cu, Ni and Mn Compounds in the Soil Profile Under Artificial Phytocenoses of MSU Soil Lysimeters
|
Evdokimova, M. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 120-126 |
artikel |
70 |
Modern Soil State of Reclaimed Lands (Northern Meshchera Lowlands, Vladimir Oblast) under Agricultural Stagnation Conditions
|
Avetov, N. A. |
|
2018 |
|
3 |
p. 95-99 |
artikel |
71 |
Monitoring of the pollution of playa solonchaks and filled grounds of drilling areas with heavy metals and arsenic in the North Buzachi gas and oil field (Kazakhstan)
|
Kurakov, A. V. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 127-132 |
artikel |
72 |
Natural functions of antibiotics as “informbiotics”
|
Kozhevin, P. A. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 93-98 |
artikel |
73 |
Natural waters in the system of related landscapes
|
Bogatyrev, L. G. |
|
2016 |
|
3 |
p. 101-108 |
artikel |
74 |
New processes of microbial transformation of nitrogen in soils as a source of greenhouse gases
|
Soshnikova, E. A. |
|
2016 |
|
3 |
p. 135-138 |
artikel |
75 |
Novel Methodological Approaches to the Study of Sorbents in Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals
|
Nevedrov, N. P. |
|
2019 |
|
3 |
p. 118-122 |
artikel |
76 |
On the attenuation of γ-radiation by sod mid-podzolic soil
|
Badawy, W. M. |
|
2010 |
|
3 |
p. 125-127 |
artikel |
77 |
On the Comparative Analysis of the Composition of Lysimetric Water under Conditions of Different Soil Treatment and under Phytocenoses
|
Bogatyrev, L. G. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 233-246 |
artikel |
78 |
On the dynamics of salts in solonetzic soil complexes of the Pallas irrigation system in relation to fluctuations in the groundwater level and changes in the regime of irrigation
|
Sizemskaya, M. L. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 115-120 |
artikel |
79 |
Organizing the ecological monitoring of soils as a constituent part of the state land monitoring and its first results (using the example of Orenburg oblast)
|
Rusanov, A. M. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 112-117 |
artikel |
80 |
Patterns of Organic Matter Mineralization in Podzolic Soil Solutions
|
Karavanova, E. I. |
|
2019 |
|
3 |
p. 93-98 |
artikel |
81 |
Podzols on Esker in the Northern Taiga Zone of the Kola Peninsula
|
Urusevskaya, I. S. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 109-116 |
artikel |
82 |
Pollution dynamics of different components of forest ecosystems with 137Cs in Bryansk, woodlands
|
Shcheglov, A. I. |
|
2014 |
|
3 |
p. 106-111 |
artikel |
83 |
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Moscow soils
|
Agapkina, G. I. |
|
2010 |
|
3 |
p. 114-118 |
artikel |
84 |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of Moscow
|
Agapkina, G. I. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 149-158 |
artikel |
85 |
Possible sources and compounds of aluminum in calcium chloride extract soil solutions in peat-podzolic-gleyed soil
|
Tolpeshta, I. I. |
|
2010 |
|
3 |
p. 107-113 |
artikel |
86 |
Predominant organic contaminants in arboretum soil of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University: Report 2. Specific features of vertical distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the profile of urbo-soddy-podzolic soil
|
Agapkina, G. I. |
|
2015 |
|
3 |
p. 122-129 |
artikel |
87 |
Problems of diagnosing the solonetzic process in virgin and agriculturally modified soda saline soils of the forest steppe zone in the Omsk oblast
|
Khan, V. V. |
|
2012 |
|
3 |
p. 117-121 |
artikel |
88 |
Psychrotolerant actinomycetes on plant substrates of tundra and taiga ecosystems
|
Prokopenko, V. V. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 132-135 |
artikel |
89 |
Pyrogenic transformation of tundra soils: Laboratory simulation
|
Maslov, M. N. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 100-105 |
artikel |
90 |
Quantitative method for comparing soil maps and cartograms
|
Samsonova, V. P. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 83-85 |
artikel |
91 |
Radial Migration of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils of Sakhalin Island by Data of Laboratory Lysimetric Experiments
|
Kovaleva, E. I. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 158-167 |
artikel |
92 |
Radioecological characterization of Chashnikovo Training and Experimental Soil Ecology Center, Moscow State University
|
Tsvetnova, O. B. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 113-118 |
artikel |
93 |
Refining Total Oxygen Content in the Solid Soil Phase
|
Vodyanitskii, Yu. N. |
|
2019 |
|
3 |
p. 99-104 |
artikel |
94 |
Restoration of Raised Bogs in the Khanty-Mansiysk Ob Region after Reclamation of Oil- and Salt-Polluted Peat Soils in 2003–2005
|
Shishkonakova, E. A. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 123-130 |
artikel |
95 |
Rheological Properties of Soils of Different Land Use in the Syktyvkar Urban District of the Komi Republic
|
Arakelova, L. I. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 292-300 |
artikel |
96 |
Rheological properties of Vertisol complexes formed under different climate conditions
|
Zhukova, Yu. A. |
|
2015 |
|
3 |
p. 110-115 |
artikel |
97 |
Salt Neoformations in the Soils of the Aral Sea Dried Bottom
|
Kharitonova, G. V. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 142-152 |
artikel |
98 |
Separation and characterization of amphiphilic humic acid fractions
|
Stepanov, A. A. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 125-129 |
artikel |
99 |
Soils of slopes and bottomland positions of the small stream valley in the central forest reserve: Chemical properties and clay mineralogy
|
Ishkova, I. V. |
|
2010 |
|
3 |
p. 99-106 |
artikel |
100 |
Soils of the Botanical Garden on Bolshoi Solovetsky Island
|
Urusevskaya, I. S. |
|
2012 |
|
3 |
p. 126-132 |
artikel |
101 |
Soil successions and their connection with heterogeneity of podsolic soils
|
Basevich, V. F. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 118-122 |
artikel |
102 |
Some features of technogenic soil layers and horizons in the zones of underground gas storages
|
Mozharova, N. V. |
|
2008 |
|
3 |
p. 97-103 |
artikel |
103 |
Some indices of biological cycle of 137Cs and 39K in forest ecosystems of Bryansk woodland in the remote period after chernobyl fallouts
|
Shcheglov, A. I. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 123-128 |
artikel |
104 |
Speciation of 226Ra and 232Th in Soddy-Podzolic-Gley Concretion Soil
|
Manakhov, D. V. |
|
2019 |
|
3 |
p. 131-137 |
artikel |
105 |
Specificity of urban soils in river valleys by the examples of the Moskva River
|
Varava, O. A. |
|
2007 |
|
3 |
p. 118-126 |
artikel |
106 |
Stocks of phytomass and organic carbon in tundra ecosystems of northern Fennoscandia
|
Maslov, M. N. |
|
2016 |
|
3 |
p. 113-119 |
artikel |
107 |
Strong negative geochemical anomaly of raised bog peat in the middle taiga zone, Middle Priobye
|
Vodyanitskii, Yu. N. |
|
2012 |
|
3 |
p. 111-116 |
artikel |
108 |
Structural Organization of Forest Litters at Stationary Bulk Lysimeters of the Department of Soil Science, Moscow State University
|
Glazman, G. R. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 203-212 |
artikel |
109 |
Support Vector Machine and Nonlinear Regression Methods for Estimating Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
|
Mady, A. Y. |
|
2018 |
|
3 |
p. 129-133 |
artikel |
110 |
Sustainability of Extreme Microbial Ecosystems to the Comprehensive Impact of Physical Factors of the Martian Regolith
|
Cheptsov, V. S. |
|
2018 |
|
3 |
p. 119-123 |
artikel |
111 |
Taxonomic soil diagnostics using automated guide
|
Kirillova, N. P. |
|
2015 |
|
3 |
p. 116-121 |
artikel |
112 |
The Affinity of Lanthanides to Carrier Phases in Soils
|
Vodyanitskii, Yu. N. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 169-177 |
artikel |
113 |
The characteristics of bacterial communities in the hyphosphere of several basidial macromycetes
|
Zagryadskaya, Yu. A. |
|
2011 |
|
3 |
p. 129-133 |
artikel |
114 |
The Degradation of Glyphosate and Its Effect on the Microbial Community of Agro-Sod–Podzolic Soil under Short-Term Model Experiment Conditions
|
Kulikova, N. A. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 138-145 |
artikel |
115 |
The Dynamics of the Morphology and Chemical Properties of Forest Litter during Natural Postagrogenic Reforestation and Its Effect on the Ground Cover
|
Bogatyrev, L. G. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 101-108 |
artikel |
116 |
The Effect of Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Respiration in Urban Lawns
|
Kulachkova, S. A. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 281-291 |
artikel |
117 |
The Effects of Gray Heron Nesting Grounds on Litter and Soil Properties in Pine Ecosystems of Moscow Oblast
|
Bogatyrev, L. G. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 153-160 |
artikel |
118 |
The Main Directions of Development of Ecological and Economic Assessment of Lands in the Russian Federation
|
Makarov, O. A. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 187-198 |
artikel |
119 |
The Response of Higher Plants to the Oil Contamination of Soils in a Pot Experiment
|
Kovaleva, E. I. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 178-187 |
artikel |
120 |
The Role of Zoogenic Structures of Large Soil Invertebrates in Creating and Maintaining Heterogeneity of Soil Properties (Review)
|
Rakhleeva, A. A. |
|
|
|
3 |
p. 137-141 |
artikel |
121 |
Transformation and form of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) applied to Moscow soils
|
Agapkina, G. I. |
|
2017 |
|
3 |
p. 125-131 |
artikel |
122 |
Transformation of micas of various crystal chemistry under influence of cyanobacteria and actinomycetes association
|
Ivanova, E. A. |
|
2012 |
|
3 |
p. 122-125 |
artikel |
123 |
Transformation of the soil cover representation of Nizhny Novgorod gubernia on maps in the 19th and 20th centuries
|
Alyabina, I. O. |
|
2015 |
|
3 |
p. 98-109 |
artikel |