Culture, Temperament, and the “Difficult Child”: A Study in Seven Western Cultures
Titel:
Culture, Temperament, and the “Difficult Child”: A Study in Seven Western Cultures
Auteur:
Super, Charles M. Axia, Giovanna Harkness, Sara Welles-Nystrom, Barbara Zylicz, Piotr Olaf Parmar, Parminder Bonichini, Sabrina Bermúdez, Moisés Rios Moscardino, Ughetta Kolar, Violet Palacios, Jesús Eliasz, Andrzej McGurk, Harry
Verschenen in:
International journal of developmental science
Paginering:
Jaargang 2 (2012) nr. 1-2 pagina's 136-157
Jaar:
2012-05-10
Inhoud:
This study explores parental ethnotheories of children's temperament through mothers' responses to McDevitt and Carey's Behavioral Style Questionnaire (1978) for 299 children aged 3 to 8 years and interviews with their parents, in Australia, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. We first established a standardized, “derived etic” version of the questionnaire with adequate reliability for 8 of the original 9 scales. Cross-cultural comparisons of the scales' means showed generally similar perceptions of children's behavior. However, intercorrelations of the mean ratings with each other and with global “difficulty,” as presented through multidimensional scaling, showed both general tendencies and culture-specific patterns, which are further illustrated by parental discourse about “difficult” children in each sample. The findings underline the importance of parental ethnotheories for shaping the expression of temperament in development.