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| Titel: |
Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from cookies: A comparative study of ultrasound and microwave-assisted procedures |
| Auteur: |
Hernandez-Poveda, G. F. Morales-Rubio, A. Pastor-Garcia, A. De La Guardia, M. |
| Verschenen in: |
Food additives and contaminants. Pt. A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 25 (2008) nr. 3 pagina's 356-363 |
| Jaar: |
2008-03 |
| Inhoud: |
The chromatographic determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cookies has been improved in order to obtain a fast method with a low limit of detection through the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), oil saponification and solid-phase extraction clean-up before the injection of purified extracts in a C18 201TP52 (5 µm, 250 × 2.1 mm) column. Using acetonitrile-water as mobile phase, with a 50% to 95% w/w acetonitrile gradient for a fixed flow of 0.250 ml min-1, 15 PAHs were separated in 45 min. The column temperature was maintained at 15°C; and fluorimetric detection was made at a fixed excitation wavelength of 264 nm and emission measurements at the best wavelength for each analyte, from 352 nm for 11H-benzo[b]fluorene to 500 nm for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene. Recoveries for all 15 PAHs varied between 96 ± 4 and 105% ± 4%; and the limits of detection ranged from 0.015 ng g-1 for chrysene to 0.7 ng g-1 for phenantrene. Results were compared with those obtained by conventional Soxhlet extraction during 8-h refluxing with toluene, demonstrating that the methodology proposed is appropriate to quantify PAHs in cookies. Furthermore, the microwave-assisted method was faster and used less solvent than the conventional and ultrasound-assisted methods. The extraction time was reduced to 9 min compared with the 8 h required for Soxhlet extraction and 60 min required for ultrasound-assisted treatment, and the solvent consumption has been reduced to 25 ml compared with the 155 and 90 ml required using Soxhlet and ultrasound, respectively. |
| Uitgever: |
Taylor & Francis |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
Details van artikel 8 van 17 gevonden artikelen
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