Fly ash-amended resoiling materials: Establishment, growth, and nutrition of tree seedlings in greenhouse
Title:
Fly ash-amended resoiling materials: Establishment, growth, and nutrition of tree seedlings in greenhouse
Author:
Kost, D.A. RVimmerstedt, J.
Appeared in:
International journal of mining, reclamation and environment
Paging:
Volume 6 (1992) nr. 1 pages 39-46
Year:
1992
Contents:
A factorial greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three power plant fly ashes ( fresh Conesville, fresh Beverly, weathered Beverly) at five rates ( 0. 168. 336, 504, 672 Mg ha'1) on growth of sycamore ( Flatanus occidentalis L. ) and black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L. ) in four surface mine resoiling materials ( topsoil, gray shale/limestone spoil, red claystone, gray spoil:red claystone mixture). Topsoil was the only noncalcareous material tested. Bray 1 extractable F varied from 0·06 to 0·19 mmol kg-1 in the four unamended resoiling materials, increased to 1·23 to 1·32 mmol kg-1 after addition of 168 Mg ha-1 Conesville ash, and then decreased with further additions of Conesville ash. Overall survival of sycamore was less than 30% because of excessive B and/or soluble salts contributed by the two fresh ashes and gray spoil. After salts were removed by scraping the soil surface and leaching with water, initial black locust survivals in the unamended resoiling materials varied from 79% for gray spoil to 100% for red claystone. Overall Initial black locust survivals for the Conesville, fresh Beverly, and weathered Beverly ashes were 19, 30, and 82%, respectively. Overall locust growth was best in the absence of fly ash and decreased significantly with increasing ash content up to the 336 Kg ha-1 rate. Black locust growth was greatly superior in unamended topsoil, resulting in a significant resoiling material by ash rate interaction. Black locust foliar F concentrations for seedlings in all four unamended resoiling materials, and foliar Mg concentrations for seedlings in unamended topsoil only, were at deficiency levels. Seedlings in gray spoil and the gray spoil:red claystone mixture had high levels of foliar Na whose source was attributed to the soil rather than the fly ashes. Weathered Beverly ash was low in salts and B but Inhibited locust growth as much as the other ashes, with all seedlings developing curled or cupped leaflets in its presence. The reasons for the growth Inhibition are not known. The results demonstrate the necessity of testing fly ashes in the greenhouse before using them in the field.
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