Physical properties and evaporation characteristics of nonaqueous insecticide formulations, spray diluents and adjuvant/co-solvent mixtures
Titel:
Physical properties and evaporation characteristics of nonaqueous insecticide formulations, spray diluents and adjuvant/co-solvent mixtures
Auteur:
Sundaram, Alam
Verschenen in:
Journal of environmental science and health. Part B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes
Paginering:
Jaargang 30 (1995) nr. 1 pagina's 113-138
Jaar:
1995
Inhoud:
Three chemical insecticides, tebufenozide, permethrin and diflubenzuron, and a bacterial control agent, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, were mixed with oil-based carrier diluents or diluent oil mixtures to provide several spray formulations. In addition, two adjuvants, Triton® X-114 and glycerol, were mixed with hydroxylic co-solvents to provide adjuvant/co-solvent mixtures. All of these liquids were tested for their evaporation behaviour using a gravimetric method. The data were subjected to linear regression analysis to determine three volatility parameters, i.e., evaporation rate (ER), nonvolatile components (NVC%) and half-life of evaporation, T1/2. In addition, a new equation was developed to determine the fourth volatility parameter, mean loss of mass per min (MLMPM). Viscosity (η) and surface tension (γ), were also measured to determine the relationships of the two physical properties with the four volatility parameters. Viscosity showed a better correlation with the volatility parameters than surface tension. Correlation was even better between η and NVC%, than between η and ER or T1/2. Correlation between η and NVC% was far better for the insecticide spray formulations than for the diluent oils, diluent oil mixtures and adjuvant/co-solvent mixtures. The present study also provided a new methodology to determine the novel volatility parameter, MLMPM, which also showed a good correlation with viscosity.
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