|
| volgende >> |
Tijdschrift beschrijving
Alle jaargangen van het bijbehorende tijdschrift
Alle afleveringen van het bijbehorende jaargang
Alle artikelen van de bijbehorende aflevering
Details van artikel 1 van 26 gevonden artikelen
| Titel: |
Advances in screening pesticides in Poland |
| Auteur: |
Bakuniak, E. Fulde, S. Moszczynski, M. |
| Verschenen in: |
Journal of environmental science and health. Part B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 18 (1983) nr. 4-5 pagina's 419-443 |
| Jaar: |
1983 |
| Inhoud: |
According to widely accepted opinion, finding a new pesticide requires the synthesis of an estimated 10,000 compounds. The cost of the synthesis and biologically testing such a large number of compounds is extremely high and is an economic barrier to the effectiveness of screening. The time between the start of production and use of a new pesticide is a further barrier. Experience gained in this country and in other Interchim countries indicates that the first barrier can be significantly lowered if the search for new pesticides is conducted on the group of compounds containing a toxophore group of known biological activity, e.g. compounds capable of phosphorylating or carbamylating the cholinesterase active center. In Poland, the first screening tests were undertaken by the Prof. Z. Eckstein team from the Technical University of Warsaw with participation of Prof. R. Kowalik and Prof. S. Byrdy from the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry (IPO) and Mrs. Prof. H. Domanski from the Agricultural University in Warsaw. Until 1968 several hundreds of samples were screened out by this group. Since 1968, efforts have been made at IPO to set up a centralized system of screening tests based on compounds synthesized by different research centers (mainly by chemical departments of higher technical schools) as well as central biological testing of these compounds. In addition, IPO has taken on the responsibility for coordinating and dispensing the monies allocated by the Ministry of Chemical Industry and the Government allocation towards the development and modernization of the pesticide industry. An estimated 5000 new compounds were synthesized and biologically evaluated between 1968-80. Almost 100 compounds were qualified for preliminary field testing (the 3rd stage of screening tests). Compounds with fungicidal and insecticidal activity ware in the majority. Less than 20% of them gave promise as herbicides. Insecticidal, miticidal, fungicidal and herbicidal action were examined by biological research. The following pesticides have been developed by the use of this system: Bromphenvinphos (pilot-scale production and four formulations registered plus the decision for commercial-scale production by 19 86): This pesticide is the insecticide of choice to control Colorado beetle and ectoparasites of farm animals. Methylbromphenvinphos (full technical and biological documentation), a low-toxicity insecticide with a broad spectrum of activity. IPO-196 (RW-3) plant-growth regulator which stimulates the growth of flax (wide field experiments and pilot-plant production). IPO-1391 and IPO-1401 - two insecticides which belong to the enolphosphate group class characterized by high biological effectiveness and low mammalian toxicity. IPO-3102, a potential herbicide to control weeds in sugar beets. A group of promising fungicides with a various application indications which are currently being tested in preliminary field studies. The economic barriers to effectiveness in screening new compounds could be lowered by better international cooperation in this field. To date, attempts to effect coordinations within Interchim countries have failed to yield significant results. Further efforts should be undertaken to rationalize patent information/ exchange information about research projects conducted in individual countries, organize broader biological studies and to examine the possibility of legal regulation of putting the achievements of one, or several, partners into joint practice and on the market. |
| Uitgever: |
Taylor & Francis |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
Details van artikel 1 van 26 gevonden artikelen
| volgende >> |