The toxicity of endod extract to the early life stages of Dreissena bugensis
Titel:
The toxicity of endod extract to the early life stages of Dreissena bugensis
Auteur:
Wright, D. A. Magee, J. A.
Verschenen in:
Biofouling
Paginering:
Jaargang 11 (1997) nr. 4 pagina's 255-263
Jaar:
1997-12
Inhoud:
Toxicity bioassays were conducted on embryos and early larvae of quagga mussels, Dreissena bugensis, using a filtered aqueous extract and a lyophilized butanol extract of the soap berry plant Phytolacca dodecandra. Developmental stages exposed to each extract were embryos to trochophores (ca 3h-17h), trochophores to D-hinge larvae (ca 17h-40h) and embryos to D-hinge (3h-ca 40). Over the whole embryo to D-hinge exposure period, the aqueous extract resulted in a lowest observed effective concentration (LOEC) of 5mgl-1 although mortality did not exceed 50%. For the butanol extract, the LOEC was 2mgl-1 and the LC50 was 2.1 mgl-1. For the aqueous extract, most of the endod toxicity was seen at the embryo stage, whereas for the butanol extract the toxicity was associated with the trochophore stage. Compared with other non-oxidizing commercial molluscicides, endod has only moderate toxicity to early dreissenid life stages.
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