Mortality of Immature Houseflies (Musca domestica L.) in Artificial Diet and Chicken Manure after Exposure to Encapsulated Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae)
Titel:
Mortality of Immature Houseflies (Musca domestica L.) in Artificial Diet and Chicken Manure after Exposure to Encapsulated Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae)
Auteur:
Renn, N.
Verschenen in:
Biocontrol science and technology
Paginering:
Jaargang 5 (1995) nr. 3 pagina's 349-360
Jaar:
1995-09-01
Inhoud:
The entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema felitae (=bibionis) and Heterorhabditis megidis, were encapsulated in calcium alginate and their efficacy was tested against immature houseflies. Aliquots of capsules (15 ml) containing either 1 000 000, 500 000, 250 000 or 125 000 nematodes were added to 70-ml portions of grassmeal diet containing either eggs of first, second or third instar larvae. After 2 days, the treatment with 1 000 000 encapsulated S. feltiae (=bibionis) had killed 94% of housefly eggs and 90% of first instar larvae. By day 6, both of these mortalities had increased significantly (P 0.005) to 100%. By day 2, in the same medium, 1 000 000 encapsulated H. megidis had killed 71.4% of eggs and 90% of first instar larvae. This increased significantly (P 0.01) by day 6, to 99.2% and 100% respectively. Another experiment was carried out where immature houseflies were placed in chicken manure. The emergence of houseflies as adults was used to measure the effect of the encapsulated nematodes. Depending on the numbers of nematodes and the original stage of the housefly, the treatment with encapsulated S. feltiae resulted in 55-96% reduction in adult housefly emergence, whereas treatment with encapsulated H. megidis resulted in 35-98% reduction in emergence. Finally, when encapsulated nematodes were presented as a bait to adult houseflies, little infectivity was observed.
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