Biological Control of the Shore Fly (Scatella tenuicosta) with Steinernematid Nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in Peat and Rockwool
Titel:
Biological Control of the Shore Fly (Scatella tenuicosta) with Steinernematid Nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in Peat and Rockwool
Auteur:
Vanninen, Irene Koskula, Heini
Verschenen in:
Biocontrol science and technology
Paginering:
Jaargang 13 (2003) nr. 1 pagina's 47-63
Jaar:
2003-02-01
Inhoud:
Steinernema feltiae Filipjev and S. carpocapsae Weiser (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) at rates of 1, 5 and 20 million m-2 in peat pots and at rates of 1, 2.5 and 5 million m-2 in rockwool cubes were tested against the shore fly Scatella tenuicosta Collin (Diptera: Ephydridae) by applying the nematodes either preventatively 2 days before or curatively 9 days after, or both 2 days before and 9 days after exposing the pots and cubes to flies. Based on cumulative fly numbers that emerged from peat pots sampled weekly for 3 weeks, all application strategies with 5 or 20 million nematodes net-m-2, irrespective of species, reduced fly numbers by 61-96% as compared to untreated controls. High temperatures in 1 week reduced control efficacy to 30-35% in some treatments. In rockwool, maximum control efficacies of 83-84% were achieved by both species in the second week in treatments that had received two applications at the rate of 5 million m-2, but these did not differ significantly from the 69-75% efficacies achieved with 2.5 million nematodes m-2. The cumulative control efficacy over 4 weeks was only 46% at maximum. The lower control efficacy in rockwool compared to peat was due to rapid disappearance of nematodes from rockwool.
Tijdschrift beschrijving