|
| << vorige | volgende >> |
Tijdschrift beschrijving
Alle jaargangen van het bijbehorende tijdschrift
Alle afleveringen van het bijbehorende jaargang
Alle artikelen van de bijbehorende aflevering
Details van artikel 4 van 8 gevonden artikelen
| Titel: |
Generation and Characterization of Hardwood Smoke Inhalation Exposure Atmospheres |
| Auteur: |
McDonald, Jacob D. White, Richard K. Barr, Edward B. Zielinska, Barbara Chow, Judith C. Grosjean, Eric |
| Verschenen in: |
Aerosol science and technology |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 40 (2006) nr. 8 pagina's 573-584 |
| Jaar: |
2006-06-01 |
| Inhoud: |
An inhalation exposure system and operating protocol were developed that resulted in consistent achievement of targeted exposure concentrations of hardwood smoke without compromising the desire to include multiple phases of a burn cycle. A conventional, noncatalyzed stove was operated in a temperature-controlled room with a three-phase (kindling, high burn, and low burn) cycle. Equally sized wood of similar moisture content was loaded in a consistent fashion each day of the study. A stable and controllable dilution system was employed that involved simultaneous withdrawal of smoke from a primary dilution tunnel. Exposure operators utilized real-time measurements of particulate matter (PM), CO, and stove temperature, along with operational experience, to gauge when adjustments to dilution air or the firebox were necessary. Dilutions of smoke were controlled in four separate inhalation atmospheres with daily average particle mass concentrations of 30, 100, 300, and 1000 μg/m3. Each of these atmospheres was characterized in detail, including gas, semivolatile, and particle phases. Gas phase hydrocarbons were composed mostly of carbonyls (especially furans) and acids (especially low molecular weight aliphatic acids). Several classes of gas-phase semivolatile organics were measured, with the highest proportions of material in classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and methoxy phenols. The particle phase was primarily organic carbon (> 90%) with small amounts of ions, elements, and black carbon. Approximately 15% of the organic carbon was identified and quantified, with the largest contribution of material from sugars and sugar derivatives. |
| Uitgever: |
Taylor & Francis |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
Details van artikel 4 van 8 gevonden artikelen
| << vorige | volgende >> |