An instrument that collects cloud droplets one by one was designed to measure the fraction of cloud droplets containing mineral particles. Sampling was performed in the artificial cloud experimental system (ACES) established in the vertical shaft of an abandoned mine. The collected droplets were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their constituents were analyzed by an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The ratio of droplets including mineral particles was above 50%, reflecting the high concentration of mineral particles at the bottom of the shaft. When small droplets were sprayed by an industrial fog generator at the bottom of the shaft, the fraction of cloud droplets with mineral particles decreased but remained above 20%. This result suggests that mineral particles in the free atmosphere may also act as cloud condensation nuclei and be incorporated into cloud droplets at the early stage of cloud formation. Significant influences on the climate model, biogeochemistry, and atmospheric chemistry should be considered.