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| Titel: |
Hydrolysis and biodegradation of the vesicant agent HT: Two potential approaches |
| Auteur: |
Harvey, Steven P. Szafraniec, Linda L. Beaudry, William T. |
| Verschenen in: |
Bioremediation journal |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 2 (1998) nr. 3-4 pagina's 191-203 |
| Jaar: |
1998-12 |
| Inhoud: |
HT is a powerful vesicant produced for use as a chemical warfare agent. It is a mixture of 60 wt % 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide ("HD”; or “sulfur mustard") and 40 wt % bis-(2-(2-chloroethylthio)ethyl) ether (T). Because HT reacts with water to form primarily the alcoholic compounds thiodiglycol (TDG) and bis-(2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)ethyl) ether (T-OH), disposal might be accomplished by combining hydrolysis with biodegradation. The half-lives of H and T in a well-agitated 3.8% HT/water reaction at 90°C were 1.4 and 1.6 minutes, respectively. The concentrations of both compounds were reduced to less than 1 mg/L within about 30 minutes. TDG is readily biodegradable. However, T-OH biodegradability has not been reported previously. HBr treatment converted HT ether-alcohol products to TDG. A comparative study of two hydrolysis/biodegradation approaches is reported here. HT was hydrolyzed (1) in water, and (2) in water then with HBr. Products were used as feed for separate aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), and bioreactor performances were compared. Although both feed solutions were detoxified in the SBRs, water hydrolysis alone yielded better overall bioreactor operation, a more favorable mass balance, and a simpler process than with the HBr step. Results indicated that although the HBr converted ether-alcohol products to TDG, the HT products were biodegraded with greater efficiency when the HBr treatment was omitted. |
| Uitgever: |
Taylor & Francis |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
Details van artikel 5 van 10 gevonden artikelen
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