Quartz hill, Alaska: A case history of engineering and environmental requirements for STD in the USA
Titel:
Quartz hill, Alaska: A case history of engineering and environmental requirements for STD in the USA
Auteur:
Hesse, C. A. Ellis, D. V.
Verschenen in:
Marine georesources & geotechnology
Paginering:
Jaargang 13 (1995) nr. 1-2 pagina's 135-182
Jaar:
1995
Inhoud:
The Quartz Hill molybdenum prospect, with an estimated tailings disposal rate of up to 80,000 tons per day, was developed through preliminary engineering design, environmental impact assessments, and permit applications during the 1970s and 1980s. The intent was to meet the stringent environmental requirements of several federal and state regulatory agencies. The case history of mine development, extending over two decades, provides a unique set of details usable by future large-scale coastal and island mine prospects in the U.S. and elsewhere. Two fjords provided options for submarine tailings disposal (STD) with conventional deaeration and seawater mix chamber. An outfall was designed, and would be located, to produce a density current descending to fjord bottom. Innovative modeling of near-field and far-field tailings dispersal, and resuspension potential, was developed and applied. Of about $102,000,000 invested on the development, approximately $31,000,000 was given to environmentally related work. From the assessments, it was agreed that land disposal of tailings would cause more environmental damage than STD. There was disagreement, however, between regulatory agencies over the preferred site for STD. Discharge permits were drafted, but the applications were finally denied by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990. In 1991 the developer sold its interest in the prospect to another company.
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