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| Titel: |
Mineralogical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of an Anaerobic Biofilm Collected from a Borehole in a Deep Gold Mine in South Africa |
| Auteur: |
MacLean, L. C. W. Pray, T. J. Onstott, T. C. Brodie, E. L. Hazen, T. C. Southam, G. |
| Verschenen in: |
Geomicrobiology journal |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 24 (2007) nr. 6 pagina's 491-504 |
| Jaar: |
2007-09 |
| Inhoud: |
A biofilm sample was collected from an anaerobic water and gas-flowing borehole, 1.474 km below land surface in the Evander Au mine, Republic of South Africa. The biofilm was 27 wt% ZnS, which was ∼ 2 × 107times more concentrated than the dissolved Zn measured in the borehole water. X-Ray diffraction indicated that the Zn was present in the form of fine grained, 4.7 ± 0.9 nm particles with smaller amounts of pyrite (FeS2). Scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the identity of these minerals in the biofilm. Using transmission electron microscopy, the fine-grained ZnS minerals were found to coat the 1 μ m-diameter rod-shaped bacteria that made up the primary substructure of the biofilm. The FeS2 was present as framboids (spherical aggregates of 0.5-1 μ m FeS2 crystals) up to 10 μ m in diameter and as large, 2-3 μ m euhedral crystals that were not nucleated on the bacterial surfaces, but were found within the biofilm. Analyses of 16S rDNA utilizing clone libraries and a phylochip indicates that the ZnS rich biofilm is dominated by methanogens with a significant sulfate-reducing bacterial population and minor sulfide and CH4-oxidizing chemolithotrophs. This biofilm community is sustained by sulfate, bicarbonate and H2-bearing paleometeoric water. |
| Uitgever: |
Taylor & Francis |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
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