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| Titel: |
Preliminary Studies on the Recovery of Bitumen from Nigerian Tar Sands: I. Beneficiation and Solvent Extraction |
| Auteur: |
Ademodi, Bayonile Oshinowo, Toks Sanni, Sikiru A. Dawodu, Olukayode F. |
| Verschenen in: |
Energy sources. Part A, Recovery utilization and environmental effects |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 9 (1987) nr. 3 pagina's 173-188 |
| Jaar: |
1987 |
| Inhoud: |
Solvent extraction of bitumen from Nigerian tar sands using toluene has been investigated. Pulverization of the tar sands followed by agglomeration in a mechanical shaker resulted in spherical agglomerates having higher bitumen contents than the mined tar sand. The extent of beneficiation was 4% and 19% for the high grade and low grade sands, respectively Temperature, agitation, and tar sand/solvent (S/L) ratios were found to be significant variables affecting the dissolution of bitumen from the sand. S/L ratio has the greatest effect on extraction efficiency. The rate of bitumen extraction, expressed as extractability η* showed great dependence on agitation. About 16- and 15-fold increases in extractability were obtained for SIL ratios of 1/20 and 1/5 respectively for a 2.8 fold increase in agitation At the initial stages of extraction, asphaltene content of the bitumen extracted at 50°C was less than that in the bitumen extracted at 25°C. This finding could have significant implications for the overall economics of upgrading processes. A high extraction efficiency of about 99% was obtained with stage-wise extraction at high tar sand/solvent ratios. |
| Uitgever: |
Taylor & Francis |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
Details van artikel 5 van 7 gevonden artikelen
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