In the hectic times in which we live it has become customary to part—all too hastily—with old established institutions built up on a wealth of experience, and to replace them by new ones. And these changes often happen so fast under the pressure of time that no-one dares declare them to be final, irrevocable, the only right ones. Thus, sooner than expected, these result in a come-back, and the common reaction to almost every innovation is a laconic 'We have seen all that before'. The numerous reforms mentioned here are no random occurrence, they are the consequence of the well-known structural changes brought about by our technical age. In our eyes, the worst affected is the village, which has changed completely and the future of which even yet very often appears uncertain. It is natural that these developments have not halted at the country school. Thus the attempt was made to combat first of all the fall in achievement between town and country by measures dealing with school organization.