Maximizing the power of comparing single cases against a control sample: An argument, a program for making comparisons, and a worked example from the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test
Title:
Maximizing the power of comparing single cases against a control sample: An argument, a program for making comparisons, and a worked example from the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test
Author:
Hulleman, Johan Humphreys, Glyn W.
Appeared in:
Cognitive neuropsychology
Paging:
Volume 24 (2007) nr. 3 pages 279-291
Year:
2007-05
Contents:
In neuropsychological research, it is frequently necessary to compare the performance of a single case with that of a control sample. Recently, there has been a discussion about whether existing methods are adequate in preventing Type 1 errors due to increased variability in the single-case data (Crawford, Garthwaite, Howell, & Gray, 2004; Mitchell, Mycroft, & Kay, 2004; Mycroft, Mitchell, & Kay, 2002) and about the power of any comparisons. In this paper, we propose an extension of the modified t test introduced by Crawford and Howell (1998). We provide Monte Carlo simulations that show that it is possible to increase the power of the modified t test by retesting the single case. We also make available a computer program that implements the method introduced in this paper and that can be used by neuropsychologists to test for a difference between a single case and a control group. We apply our procedure to an example of a patient examined on the “Pyramids and Palm Trees” test.
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