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| Titel: |
Militarization Without Civil War: The Security Dilemma and Regime Consolidation in Haiti |
| Auteur: |
Carey, Henry F. |
| Verschenen in: |
Civil wars |
| Paginering: | Jaargang 7 (2005) nr. 4 pagina's 330-356 |
| Jaar: |
2005 |
| Inhoud: |
This essay examines why paramilitary forces have become increasingly critical to Haitian politics over the past half century as an attempted solution to political instability during the previous 150 years since the 1804 independence. The repeated interruptions at democratization in the past two decades have accelerated instability and reliance on paramilitary forces. The strategy worked during much of the Duvalier dictatorship (1957-86) by institutionalizing the state paramilitary, which became known as the Tons Tons Macoutes. The abolition of the Macoutes after the end of Duvalierism in 1986 did not halt the reliance on paramilitary coercion by the state. As paramilitary forces were used by the opposition, as well as the state, paramilitaries escalated insecurity and human rights violations by all sides. Particularly during his second presidential term, Jean Bertrand Aristide (2001-04) feared another coup and exile such as occurred during his first term (1991-94). His paramilitary came from urban gangs, which led to increases in arms wielded by proliferating, corrupt forces on all sides. The second major UN peacekeeping mission (2004-present) provided relative stability during the 2006 elections but, along with the interim government (2004-06), failed to disarm the urban gangs and rural armed groups. |
| Uitgever: |
Routledge |
| Bronbestand: |
Elektronische Wetenschappelijke Tijdschriften |
Details van artikel 3 van 5 gevonden artikelen
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